Improvement in composition tiles for cooping and paving



1. P. grmnas. Composition-Tilia'for Roofing and Paving. m0.|59;3@29.

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WITNESSES.- INVENTOR.

y W I Patented F eb. 2, 1875'.

JOHN P. JEFFRIFS,,OF YVOOSTER, OHIO IMPRQVEMENT lit! CQMPQSlTlQhl TILES FOR @QOFING i-il illl Plt'lhlfii.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. X 59,329, dated February 2, 1875; application filed November 27, 1874.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. Jarrmns, of the city of Wooster, in the county of Wayne and State of Ohio, have invented certain Illiprovements in Fire and ater Proof Cement, of which the following is a specification:

The first part of my invention relates to the combination of mineral substances and acids, such as silica, sulphate oflirne, hydraulic lime, oxide of magnesia, sulphate of potassa, alum,

borax, sulphuric acid, and carbonic acid, or

carbonic anhydride, so that all, without the aid of external heat, will (except the acids) form a solid hard substance capable of, to a very great extent, resisting fire, and of resisting the influence of water.

The second part of my invention relates to the manner of combining the above-described materials-in their proper proportions, so as to form the above-described substance so that the same can be applied in rooting buildings, paving floors and walks, and other purposes, showing the per cent. of the ingredients to be used in the composition, with the manner of making and applying the same to the uses and purposes designed.

The proportions of the ingredients composin g the cement material in everyone luunlrcd pounds of the lirstmcntioucd minerals are as follows, to wit: Forty pounds of line silica; forty pounds of hydraulic lime; twenty pounds of sulphate oflirnc. These three minerals must be well mixed together while in their dry condition.

0f the others there must be reduced to solu tion in boiling water, as follows: Five pounds of alum; four pounds of borax; four pounds of sulphate of potassa, and four pounds of oxide of magnesia must be reduced to a thin paste by sulphuric acid and water, and then mixed with the above solution. To the sol ution must then be added suilicicnt water to saturate the said silica, hydraulic lime, and sulphate of lime, so as to make the same of the consistency of mortar, capable of being molded into roofingtiles or paving material, and of being spread with a trowel over roof-sheeti u g or other surface while in its plastic condition.

While in this condition it can readily be molded into roofing-tiles or paving material of any size, thickness, or shape desired. For

roofing purposes the tile need not be over threeiourths of an inch thick, and for all ordinary roo ling five-eighths of an inch in thickness will be sufficient for all purposes. The, edges of the tile must be beveled oneeighth of an inch, and the beveled side must be laid upward, so thatwhen the lower edges are in contact an opening or space will he left at the top onefourth inch wide all around the tile, in which sullicient of the cement'material must be placed to make the same water-tight. The tiles thus made can be used for roofing purposes, as rep resented by the drawing A hereto annexed. They may be molded and laid the same day, but better to allow them to become dry before laying them. They will soon become hard, and, if their surface be flowed with carbonic acid or carbonic anhydride, will eventually hecome as hard as marble. The surface of the ti is should be llo wed with the above acid when the same has become dry before any paint is applied, as such llowage aids much in the hard ening of the material. The tile must he lat so as to rest firmly upon the paper board here inat'tcr mentioned, resting upon the roof-sheeting or other substance, and, it laid upon steep places, must rest upon a nail driven in the shooting or other material upon which they rest. For this purpose a hole is made in the under side of the tile, as shown at f, Fig. 3. As the joints oi the tile are being iillcd by the cement their size and shape can be preserved by a pointing-trowel.

A-good lire and water proof root can he made of said cement material by sp'rcadin g the same, whilein its plastic condition in mass, over the roof of shooting upon the paper board or its equivalent the thickness of fivceighths of an inch. The surl'hce should be made smooth and also flow d with the acid the same as the tile roof. R

It will add to the durahility oi the material to paint the surthcc, after it has become dry, with acoat oi. tiara-seed oil and white load, and it this be done the acid flowing may he omitteda The paint should not be applied until complete evaporation has taken place.

During the process of dryix a white powder will collect upon the surtac of the tile and cement, mostly the refuse or remains of the re duced oxide olmagncsia, which will aid much 2 infciosing the pores of the tile and cement when coming in contact with the, oil and.

paint.-- Figure 1 shows a roof Where a portion is tiled with four orders of tile, represented by letters 7 a 7) 0d; Fig, 2 shows a portion of the roof cemented in mass. Fig. 3 presents the under side of the tile, in which the nail-hole is shown at f. V Fig. 4; represents the upper surface of the tile at a d as they will appear in their places in the roof. 7

"What I claim as'niy invention, and for which I desire to secure Letters Patent, is-

the proportions and for the purpose in the fore going specification set forth.

JOHN P. JEFFRIES.

Witnesses:

J. W. BAUGEMAN. J EssE FASK. 

